Drug Testing Essay - 1328 Words

Even though drug testing is very expensive, ALL high school’s athletes should be tested because drugs are bad for your health and very addictive. A simple drug test could save many lives. Many schools around deny the request to drug test their athletes for the simple conclusion that the cost of the testing would just be to expensive. I disagree whole heartedly on that because although it may be expensive, we could save so many lives by requiring drug tests to play sports. Many students have love for the game who would have no problem giving up drugs for the chance to play sports with drug tests and a little guidance. I’ve grown up in a generation where drugs are idolized. The feeling of being high, not having any responsibility, and just†¦show more content†¦I come from one of if not the poorest counties in North Carolina and seeing athletes just pushed on because of their talent is absolutely sickening to me, I feel like we have and still do fail many athletes by letting their drug abuse go unnoticed. In the article â€Å"Drug-Testing Reduces Students Drug Use, Study Says.† It is statistically proven that drug testing reduces students drug use. â€Å"Students involved in school random drug testing reported less substance use than their peers in high school, that didn’t have drug testing programs.† (Samuels). If students want to be involved in extracurricular activities, they will stop the drug abuse if a drug test was mandatory just to be able to do so. Extracurricular activities is a privilege not a right and will continue to be. Drug testing could change so many lives and people really fail to comprehend that just because of the amount of the test behind it. On an average 47,000 people lose their lives to drugs a year. It could be possible that half of those were teenagers. The pros and cons on this issue vary from how expensive it can be to early interventions. In my opinion the pros will always outweigh the cons for the simple fact that your saving someone no matter the amount of money it cost. Some of the pros are that you can do early intervention, students can learn to resist peer pressure, school promoting a safe and drug free environment, and increases chances of students to have a successful future.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Drug Testing956 Words   |  4 Pagesassistance had to be drug tested prior to receiving help, like many who must be tested to keep their job? Many people must go through drug testing to get a job, then after they have it, they may be selected to be randomly tested again to keep their job. There are people down on their luck or going through a rough patch where they need to receive government assistance, nothing but an application needs to be filled out prior to receiving payment from the government. Drug testing for gover nment assistanceRead MoreDrug Testing Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a big question floating in the air around a lot of people today, â€Å"Is drug testing the welfare constitutional or not?† When dealing with this we come to many road blocks. We should know and understand the difference in a drug use problem and a psychiatric disorder. Also understanding the difference in substance abuse and substance dependence. Confusing the two could be an issue. When you decide to drug test the welfare there is much more that needs to go into it than just the test to determineRead MoreDrug Testing Essay2735 Words   |  11 PagesDrug testing is a laboratory procedure that looks for evidence of drug consumption by analyzing urine, blood, and hair samples. If tested, you must provide a sample in front of an observer to make sure that it is not tampered with. Samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis, after which the employer is notified of the results (Wodell 1). Exactly who should be subject to the new trend of mandatory drug tests, is the big question being raised among businesses, schools, athletes and federalRead MoreArgument Essay Random Drug Testing859 Words   |  4 PagesARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. Many people have argued that mandatory drug testing is a violation of their civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment grants you the right against unreasonable searches and seizures, otherwise known as a persons right to privacy. However, employers have the right to know whetherRead MoreTesting for Drugs In The Olympics Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee (I.O.C.) certainly has.   Each year the athletes come up with new ways to enhance their performance, and make it harder for the Olympic drug testers to detect banned substances.   With performance enhancing drugs becoming harder to police, the burden of trying to keep the Olympics as clean as possible falls on the I.O.C.s shoulders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug use in the Olympics is not a new idea.   Dating back to the runners and javelin throwers of ancient Greece and Rome, athletes have been lookingRead MoreWelfare Drug Testing Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Drug Testing Trevor Brooks, SOC 110 11/09/2011 In today’s America, government aid is highly depended on. The US government has spent $498 billion dollars this year on welfare alone. The state of Tennessee has an average of 250,000 residents on welfare and has $3 billion dollars this year alone. To help cut costs and help tax payers, 36 states, including Tennessee, have proposed a bill to drug test all welfare recipients. Since the beginning of the year, the welfare rateRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Testing927 Words   |  4 Pagesforced to take a drug test before receiving financial assistance from the government. In the United States, some people across the country are failing drug tests. This means that they are tested for having illegal drugs. This is bad for the country because this could lead to death and being arrested. So the government is seeking to make these people have immediate drug tests so they can â€Å"crack† this problem open. In the state of Tennessee, they passed a law to test people for drugs. As stated inRead More Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay3750 Words   |  15 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug testing has become a very big issue for many companies. Approximately eighty-one percent of companies in the United States administer drug testing to their employees. Of these, seventy-seven percent of companies test employees prior to employment. Even with the commonality of drug testing, it is still a practice that is generally limited to larger corporations which have the financial stability, as well as the human resources to effectively carry out a drug testing program. In the UnitedRead MoreDrug Testing in the Workplace Essay2964 Words   |  12 PagesDrug Testing in the Workplace Throughout recent years, applicant drug testing has become one of the most prevalently used strategies by many organizations to control substance abuse in the workplace. Drug testing is a selection tool used by organizations to determine whether or not an individual has previously used drugs and/or alcohol. Most employers find that drug testing, if done correctly, is a worthwhile investment associated with increased workplace safety, lower absenteeism, fewer on-the-jobRead MoreDrug Testing and Ethics Essay2045 Words   |  9 Pages27th 2010 Is drug testing an unwarranted invasion of employee privacy? Which is more important--getting drugs out of the workplace or protecting the privacy of the employee? What about other health-threatening activities, i.e. smoking outside of working hours, unprotected sex, etc. Should employers be able to question or test employees or potential employees about these activities? Both of these scenarios are tricky ones. On the one hand, any employer would want to get drugs out of the workplace

Mainstream Media - 2013 Words

Mainstream media such as television, radio, newspapers were the primary source of reliable information before the epoch of the internet. However, the situation has changed. The evolution of modern technology in the world today has led to the continuous increase in the methods of practicing journalism. Social and technological advancements have not only improved the pace and content of this field’s practice, but has extended its genre to online or cybernetic journalism. (Project for Excellence in Journalism, 2007). News websites most of which are owned by major media companies and alternative websites with user generated content such as social networking sites and blogs are gaining grounds in the journalism field of practice. (Nel, n.d).†¦show more content†¦(Bucy, 2009.) Features of this era were continuous news updates online, more interactive chats and online discussions, continuous video and audio news streaming, and programme schedules were posted online, hence le ading to the emergence of news communities. (Ferguson, 2000.) With the online newspapers, more multifaceted forms of storytelling with long-term demand developed, (Harper, 1998), and print journalists implemented electronic ways of getting information, and communicating with news sources consistent with the evolution of the internet as a vital news medium. (Barnhurst, 2002.) The 2000’s saw a complete turn in the evolution of the internet as a news medium. Unlike the first two generations which were characteristically a one way medium of communication with little or no feedback, today, the emergence of hyperlinks, bloggers and improved interactive links that have served in a joined news experience hence attracting the audience in contributing to news developments. (Bucy, 2009.) Brown, (2000, p.26) views this as an era where â€Å"the passive newscast and the household newspaper are being replaced†, allowing audiences with specialised interest to watch interviews, press conferences and other events at their convenience. (Bucy, 2009.) Brown (2000, p.26) further sees this third generation of net news as a means of engaging the youngerShow MoreRelatedMainstream Culture and Media after the World War II2846 Words   |  11 Pagesauthentic expression versus standardized product of cultural industry. Most recently, the discourse has gone through another important metamorphosis that has made advertising industry and consumerism the main forces, shaping hegemonic culture of mainstream media. The good old notion of the class struggle is currently regarded as the battle between corporate businesses and rebel oppositional forces. However, even though the subject matter of the Marxist struggle has changed through time, the very quintessentialRead MoreThe Mainstream Media And Gender Inequality Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesSara Staffen WRT 105 Assignment #3- The mainstream media is one of the most popular, prominent ways people get their information about social issues, government action, and the general knowledge about what is happening in the world. A topic that has received a quite a large amount of media coverage in history, throughout the years, and currently, is gender inequality. Specifically, the issue of women being stereotyped into traditional â€Å"home† roles and not being able to join the work force or, ratherRead MoreThe Issue Of Mainstream Media Bias Essay2115 Words   |  9 Pages(Friedman, 2014) This article considers the concepts in arguing that mainstream media bias exists. Exists and presents, in message and content, an essentially biased product, in direct opposition of their industry standards declaration of impartiality and neutrality. In an effort to establish meaning and prepare the reader this article applies the definition of bias as applied by Grosclose and Milyo, whose paper â€Å"A Measure of Media Bias† which was published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics inRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mainstream Media on The One Hand and Written Press 1340 Words   |  5 Pagesthe high development rate encountered by mass-media in the past 20 years, (reference), one may assume that this domain can be regarded as having had a (significant) influence on people increasing their awareness on environmental issues. The aims of this paper are to provide information on the manner in which mainstream media presents information on environmental matters and to offer data on the strengths and weaknesses of mainstream media when relating to this topic. Also, the essay willRead MoreAlternative media as an alternative to mainstream media† Explain and evaluate making use of appropriate examples.2543 Words   |  11 PagesName:HAOYI WU Alternative media as an alternative to mainstream media† Explain and evaluate making use of appropriate examples. People generally see everyday involve mainstream media. It disseminated the largest distribution channel. Such as: broadcast in an evening or the prime time newscast in television; tabloids, the variety of magazines; news portals. Therefore the mainstream media represents the majority of media consumers are preferred. It also indicates those media generally reflective ofRead More The Perpetuation of Racism in Canada by the Mainstream News Media3990 Words   |  16 PagesThe Perpetuation of Racism in Canada by the Mainstream News Media Canada is internationally renowned for its commitment to multiculturalism. In fact, Canada was the first nation to officially adopt a multicultural policy. However, while the Canadian government has developed a broad-based multicultural mandate that includes a national human rights code and increased penalties for hate-motivated crimes, and most Canadians oppose overt forms of discrimination and hate, racism continues to exist inRead MoreEssay Citizen Journalism vs. Mainstream Media768 Words   |  4 PagesMount Washington residents. The blog discusses current events that are going on in the Mount Washington area only; the site masters are completely open to criticism and understand that not everyone agrees or likes what is being discussed. A mainstream media outlet close to Mount Washington is the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. This newspaper discusses everything from sports to local news to country wide and international affairs. Although there is an opinion section in the paper, it is not all opinionRead MoreThe Impact Of Mainstream Media On Today s Audience1212 Words   |  5 Pagestopics, new networks tend to be biased. They have always been biased, but never to this extent before. Mainstream media plays a huge influence on today’s audience and influences choices made when it comes to important decision making such as voting for the next President. Most Americans don’t look up important topics and decide who or what to vote for. They get most of their information from mainstream news networks such as CNN, CBS, NBC, and Vice News. Most of these major news networks that I listedRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 PagesWORKING PAPER e rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism: A study of how newspapers and broadcasters in the UK and US are responding to a wave of participatory social media, and a historic shi in control towards individual consumers. Nic Newman September 2009 Contents Executive summary and key conclusions 1. Framing the debate 2. Mainstream media motivations, doubts and dilemmas 2.1 Definitions and motivations 2.2 BBC 2.3 Guardian and Telegraph 2.4 New York TimesRead MoreBackground On The Arab Spring And The Control Of Mainstream Media1968 Words   |  8 PagesBackground on the Arab Spring and The Control of Mainstream Media by the Governments The Arab World has undergone various changes that have characterised its history in the past century. One of these changes have been rapid economic development where many of these countries have discovered mineral deposits, especially oil, making them some of the major distributors of this rare form of energy (Moussa 56). The economic development of these countries was slowed down by their immature democracies that

Osmosis Lab Free Essays

Name: ____Justine Basilone___ Osmotic Regulation Virtual Laboratory Biology Go to the following virtual laboratory: http://www. glencoe. com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/LS03/LS03. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now html Answer your questions in this word document, save the file and submit through Edmodo. Your answers should be at least 2 complete sentences if not more! Part I: Observations Data: Read the Introductory information and the Procedure located in the window to the left of the screen and then perform the laboratory. For your convenience, the data table has been inserted below – fill this one in (the website tends to delete data): Molecules Name |Red Blood Cell: |Red Blood Cell: | | |Net Water Movement In / Out |Appearance of Cell | |Hypotonic Solution | |Blown up and fat | | |Moves in to red blood cell | | |Isotonic Solution | |Normal, did not appear different | | |Moves in and out of red blood cell | | |Hypertonic Solution | |Shriveled up | | |Moves out of red blood cell | | | Elodea: |Elodea: | | |Net Water Movement In / Out |Appearance of Cell | |Hypotonic Solution | |Gets bigger | | |Moves in to Elodea | | |Isotonic Solution | |Appears the same. | |Moves in and out of Elo dea (stays the same) | | |Hypertonic Solution |Moves out of Elodea |The inside shrinks and gets smaller | | |Paramecium: |Paramecium: | | |Net Water Movement In / Out |Appearance of Cell | |Hypotonic Solution | |Paramecium blows up and gets bigger. | |Moves in to Paramecium | | |Isotonic Solution | |Seems to stay the same. | | |Moves in and out of Paramecium | | |Hypertonic Solution | |Shriveled up and makes the cell appear smaller. | | |Moves out of Paramecium | | Part II: Questions Conclusions: 1) Did water move into the cells or out of the cells while they were surrounded by hypotonic solution? Water moved into all of the cells while they were surrounded by hypotonic solution. 2) In which direction did the water move through the cell membrane when the cells were surrounded by the hypertonic solution? The direction that the water appeared to be moving through the cell membrane was both ways, in and out. 3) Compare and contrast what happens to an animal cell, a plant cell, and a Paramecium cell in a hypotonic, and isotonic, and a hypertonic solution. (Does the cell wall make a difference? ) What seemed to surprise me most is that no matter what cell was used each solution had the same effect of the cells, no matter what kind it was. So no, the cell wall does not appear to make a difference. ) Could Elodea or Paramecium from a freshwater lake be expected to survive if transplanted into the ocean? Explain. Since they both react the same to different solutions I do believe that it is possible for both cells to be transplanted in the ocean and survive. 5) If you were to grill a s teak, would it be better to put salt on it BEFORE or AFTER you cooked it? Explain why, USING THE TERMS OF OSMOSIS from this activity. While grilling a steak it is better to put salt on it before you grill it so while it is grilling osmosis will occur and it will retain the salt. So instead of it just sitting on top of the steak it will be on the inside. Giving it more flavor of the salt while eating it. ) Why does salad become soggy and wilted when the dressing has been on it for a while? Explain why, in terms of osmosis. The reason why salad becomes soggy and wilted when dressing has been on it for a while is because as it is sitting there osmosis takes place and the salad begins to take in the moisture of the salad dressing, leaving it soggy and wilted. 7) An effective way to kill weeds is to pour salt water on the ground around the plants. Explain why the weeds die, using the principles discovered in this virtual lab. I believe that the weeds would die due to the fact that as the weeds take in what they think is just water only to later dry out by taking in the salt along with it using osmosis. How to cite Osmosis Lab, Essay examples

Oil Price Expectation and Volatility †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Oil Price Expectation and Volatility. Answer: Introduction The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the biggest oil exporting nations. In September 1960, OPEC was created in Baghdad by its founding members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Currently, OPEC Membership group consist a total of 14 Member Countries: Algeria, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Main objectives of OPEC is to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members, and to provide member states with technical and economic aid. OPEC aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil on the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. The oil market sentiment and prices can be strongly affected by all the decisions made by OPEC and how they implement its deal and agreement with other members. OPEC agreement usually consist setting up different level of ceiling for individual members total production and distributed through a quota system. Production ceiling is being adjust and change from time to time based on the latest assessment of world oil market fundamental. However, all members are expected to comply and abide with the agreement once the ceiling is set. It is important for all members to comply with the agreement as the level of compliance can strongly influence the price of crude oil. Hypothetically, the higher level of compliance often resulted in higher crude oil price whereas lower level of compliance usually decrease crude oil price and leads to more volatility. This paper will be divided into four parts: Part One. of the paper will outline the hypothesis at the back of this research analysis. Definition of compliance and formula in how to calculate the rate of compliance will be discussed in Part Two. Part Three. will testify the assumption behind the analysis by analyse compliance level during OPECs production cut. Part Three. is outline possible alternative cause and disprove the cause. Lastly, the result will be given in Part Four. OPEC productions cut drive crude oil price. The compliance rate from all OPEC members and crude oil price have a correlation. The decision of compliance level from all OPEC members have an effect on crude oil price. While compliance level are high, crude oil price are going upward whereas while compliance level are low, crude oil price are facing downward. In order to testify the hypothesis and address the key question How much control does OPEC have over the crude oil price?, we will examine on OPECs members actual production level; production ceiling and compliance rate. Since 1980 until now, OPECs has made a decision on production cut in 2016, 2008, 2001, 1998, and 1970s) (Wurzel, Willard and Ollivaud 2009). However, different time period will have different level of compliance. Figure 1. shown a graph of OPECs total actual production and total production ceiling during the year of 1980 to 2016. According to the graph, we can see the total actual production level is showing a strong upward trend. On the other hand, the total production ceiling is showing a downward trend. As is evident from the above figure, which plots the changes in the nominal price levels of oil and the compliance rate of the countries simultaneously, there is roughly a positive relation between these two variables. The overall nominal price levels of oil is seen to be remaining more or less constant with very moderate fluctuations between 1983 to 1999. The prices however fell a little in the year 2001, with the level consistently rising after that, the levels reaching a striking high in the year 2008 (Colgan 2014). The price however fell drastically in 2009 before rising again from the next period. The rise in nominal price of oil is seen to be consistent till 2013and the price fell moderately in 2014. However, there was a huge shock in the price levels as the price drastically fell in the year 2015 and till the recent times the nominal price level of oil is keeping near this relatively lower level (Key and Villarroel). However, unlike that of the nominal price of oil, which shows substantial fluctuations over time, attributed to different factors playing in the global oil market scenario, including both the OPEC and the Non-OPEC players, the compliance rate, as shown in the above figure, has maintained a rough positive trend with time, barring several exceptions. One of the major drops in the compliance rate in this case, was observed in 2002, which was also accompanied by a decrease in the nominal price of oil during that time. In general, before and after this period, the compliance rate has maintained a more or less steady rise in its trend, the rise being more consistent in the last six to seven years (Griffin and Teece 2016). However, though in a general framework, the two variables, the compliance rate and the nominal price of oil have been seen to be broadly related but there are instances of deviation of the former from the latter in their trends. As can be seen in 2008 and between the time period of 2011 to 2014, the rise in the nominal prices of oil has been higher than the increase in the compliance rate of the OPEC countries. On the other hand, during the years 1993, 1994 and 1995, though the compliance rate of the OPEC countries was rising the nominal price of oil was falling and this trend was observable in few other instances. Thus, it can be seen from the above figure that though in some cases, the compliance rate has been increasing , the nominal price of oil has decreased in the same time span, in general the trend of both the variables are showing roughly an upward movement (Schmidbauer and Rsch 2012). The decision of cutting the production of oil by the OPEC, as discussed above, did have considerable impact on the rise in the nominal prices of oil in the years of 1970, 1998, 2001, 2008 and 2016, did have significant impacts on the nominal prices of oil. However, the changes were not always at par with the dynamics in the compliance rate of the countries. There can be several causal factors which may influence the fluctuations in the dynamics of the two variables, the nominal oil price and the compliance rate, in the instances where they are moving towards the opposite directions. This section of the report tries to analyze the plausible causes of the concerned fluctuations and tries to discuss on the basis of the empirical evidences the feasibility of these factors and their current and future potential to influence the supply and the supply price of oil in the global framework (Hallwood and Sinclair 2016). The international oil market, as has been speculated and analyzed by the speculators and the economists, is currently experiencing huge dynamics due to the entry of new players in the supply side especially. One of the most notable phenomena in this context is the oil revolution which the United States of America, is expected be experiencing. Named as the shale oil revolution, this incident portrays the increase in the production of oil in the country in the recent period, which is not only expected to have implications on the domestic demand, supply and price, but also on the international oil market. According to a considerable section of the speculators and economists, this increase in the production of oil is expected to make the economy of America emerge as one of the game changers in the oil market in the international market (Kilian 2016). There has also been speculations that in the near future (by 2020) the United States of America will surpass the productions of even Russia and Saudi Arabia and will emerge as the biggest oil producer in the world and by the end of 2030 it will even become self-sufficient and sustaining in terms of energy resources. This is mainly due to the presence of the huge amount of unused oil reserve in the country. This expected increase in the supply of oil is also anticipated to have implications on the supply of oil in the global markets. The projected increase of the oil production from being 1 million per day in 2012 to about 2 million of barrels per day by the end of 2020, if actually happens in reality, is expected to effect the oil prices in the international market as the increase in the supply is expected to bring down the oil prices. This trend is to some extent observed in the falling levels of nominal prices in between the period of 2015 to 2017, when the compliance rate was surprisingly seen to be high (M?nescu and Nuo 2015). However, as per the recent research and the empirical evidences, the recent phenomenon of divergence of the rising compliance rate, in the global oil market, cannot be robustly explained by the increase in the production of oil in the United States of America, as can be seen from the following figure: As can be seen from the above figure, the increase in the shale oil has been to the extent of 1.27 from 1, between the period of 2012 to 2016. This in the near future is expected to increase to 2 (by 2020) and 3 by (2025), which after that is projected to remain at that level till 2030. If seen from the perspective of the contribution of the country in the global oil supply in the recent period, it can be seen that the country has only contribute d 1% of the global oil supply till 2016. By the year 2020, this is expected to reach to the level of 2% and to 3% by the end of 2025. There is no increase in the percentage of the same that has been projected in the above figure. By 2030, the percentage is expected to be only 3%, which is evidently nominal in the face of the consistently rising demand for oil in the international scenario, both in the current and in the coming periods. Thus, from the above figure, it is evident that though the shell oil revolution is being considered by many economists as one of the game changing supply side phenomenon in the global oil market, it does not show the potential make the USA the primary oil producing country in the world in the near future period, at least till 2030. This is turn indicates that the nominal contribution of the country in the global oil supply cannot be the primary reason behind time and again diverging trends of the compliance rate and the nominal oil price in the global market (Aguilera and Radetzki 2013). Changes in the structure of demand: There has been the development of a notion that with the increase in the innovations and transformation in the renewable energy industry, more and more options are evolving, which can potentially be substitutes for the oil usage in the international market. With the alternative sources coming up and the concerns regarding the adverse effects of the extensive usages of the fossil fuels on the overall environmental conditions of the world and the deterioration of the overall quality of life, is expected to decrease the demand for crude oil and other fossil fuels more and more in the coming years. The countries are also expected to take steps towards improvising and transforming their energy sector such that in future the global energy scenario become more sustainable and the problem of global warming can be averted (?osi?, Kraja?i? and Dui? 2012). These measures, if actually get effectively implemented by the countries and if the world is actually moving owards sustainable energy production and consumption to considerable extent, then as a result of that the demand for the crude oil in the international market is expected to decrease considerably and consistently with time. This in its turn, if true, is expected to have implications on the price levels of the global crude oil and if this assertion is true then much of the unexplained diversions between the rising compliance rate and the falling oil prices in the current period can be explained. However, the figures and data evidences does not provide robust support to the above expected outcome: The above figure shows that the supply as well as the demand for crude oil has been more or less increasing consistently from the year 2012 till the recent period, barring several exceptions. The demand for oil, thus, can be seen to be maintaining an increasing trend in spite of the fact that the countries are moving towards making renewable and eco-friendly energy resources more usable and potential substitute for the non-renewable oil and fossil fuels. Thus, it can be seen that many economists and strategists suggest that in the current period as well as in the coming future, the sustainable energy resources and their proper implementation are expected to pose as potential replacement for oil and fossil fuel. This in turn is expected to be decreasing the demand for the latter and lowering the price of the same in the global market. However, the current empirical and data evidences are not in favor of this assertion. Conversely, the trends in the demand as well as the supply dynamics in the international oil market shows that in the current as well as in the near future the demand is not expected to fall considerably. From the above discussion it is therefore, evident that the changes in the demand structure and preference pattern in the international oil market, though can be one of the rising events in the international scenario, is not one of the primary causes behind the fluctuations in the dynamics of the compliance rate and the nominal prices of oils (Atabani 2012). The prices of oil are heavily influenced by the supply and demand of the same in the global market, which in turn is subjected to the political instability, economic and social unrest and war situations in different economies, especially in the OPEC countries. In this context, the constant political and social unrest in the Middle Eastern countries are expected to have implications on the demand and supply of oil in the global framework. On one hand, where the unrest decreases the supply of oil, it also decreases the demand for oil on part of the international citizens from these countries as the consumers become unsure of the reliability of these producers. Thus, the fall in the demand can lead to a drastic fall in the prices of crude oil. However, these unrests are temporary by nature and though they do have effects on the global dynamics on oil prices and make fluctuations in the same, this can be considered temporary cause and not one with long term implications on the price levels of the crude oil in global scenario (Baffes et al. 2015). Thus, it can be asserted from the above discussion that the above factors, though may have small and short-term effects on the oil prices and may cause temporary deviations in the oil prices from the compliance rate, these are not considered to be primary causal factors. The regulatory decisions of OPEC have significant implications on the price levels of oil as can be seen from the effects of the decision of production cut of the OPEC on the contemporary oil price dynamics. References Wurzel, E., Willard, L. and Ollivaud, P., 2009. Recent oil price movements: forces and policy issues.OECD Economic Department Working Papers, (737), p.0_1. Colgan, J.D., 2014. The emperor has no clothes: The limits of OPEC in the global oil market.International Organization,68(3), pp.599-632. Key, R. and Villarroel, C., Domestic impact of production cuts in OPEC countries: The cases of Nigeria and Venezuela. Griffin, J.M. and Teece, D.J., 2016.OPEC behaviour and world oil prices. Routledge. Schmidbauer, H. and Rsch, A., 2012. OPEC news announcements: Effects on oil price expectation and volatility.Energy Economics,34(5), pp.1656-1663. Hallwood, P. and Sinclair, S., 2016.Oil, debt and development: OPEC in the Third World. Routledge. Kilian, L., 2016. The impact of the shale oil revolution on US oil and gasoline prices.Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,10(2), pp.185-205. M?nescu, C.B. and Nuo, G., 2015. Quantitative effects of the shale oil revolution.Energy Policy,86, pp.855-866. Aguilera, R.F. and Radetzki, M., 2013. Shale gas and oil: fundamentally changing global energy markets.Oil and Gas Journal,111(12), pp.54-61. ?osi?, B., Kraja?i?, G. and Dui?, N., 2012. A 100% renewable energy system in the year 2050: The case of Macedonia.Energy,48(1), pp.80-87. Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Badruddin, I.A., Mahlia, T.M.I., Masjuki, H.H. and Mekhilef, S., 2012. A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,16(4), pp.2070-2093. Baffes, J., Kose, M.A., Ohnsorge, F. and Stocker, M., 2015. The great plunge in oil prices: Causes, consequences, and policy responses.